Second, he cites the press release from that study, which opened with the admonition that electronic cigarettes are a gateway to smoking. Clive writes: "There is no basis for drawing this unequivocal ‘gateway’ conclusion from the data presented in the study. None whatsoever – and the published study even makes this clear. In fact the data are consistent with the opposite hypothesis – that e-cigarettes are primarily used by smokers interested in quitting or cutting down. Indeed the observation that users have a higher intention to quit smoking lends support to that hypothesis more than to your preferred explanation."

In citing Jessica Simpson's nationally televised testimonial to Nicorette, the report warned that "flavored nicotine replacement products may be a gateway to a lifetime of youth addiction to nicotine and tobacco."

The authors admit this in the paper. They write: "This is a cross-sectional study, which only allows us to identify associations, not causal relationships."

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