Instead, I think that studies which specifically compare lung cancer risk between lifelong smokers of filtered vs. non-filtered cigarettes during the same time period are most informative regarding the relative cancer risks of these products. And multiple studies along these lines, including recent studies, have reported a slightly decreased risk associated with lifetime smoking of filtered vs. non-filtered cigarettes.

When students take their final exam in my course, they are all experiencing acute effects on their respiratory tracts. In fact, if you were to measured their exhaled nitric oxide levels, you would find that there is a significant reduction, just as is observed with smoking.

Clearly, the FDA does not believe that there is sufficient evidence at the present time to conclude that cigarette smoking is any more hazardous than vaping.

The World Health Organization Report

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