The finding of reduced exhaled nitric oxide is an indication that an exposure is causing some sort of inflammatory effect on cells lining the respiratory tract. It doesn't mean anything more or less than that. You can't take two exposures - each of which causes respiratory tract inflammation - and make the statement that the effects of both exposures are equal. Risk posed by an exposure depends on many other factors, including the degree of inflammation induced, the reversibility of the effect, the nature of the exposure, the chronicity of the exposure, etc.

(See: Grana RA, Popova L, Ling PM. A longitudinal analysis of electronic cigarettes use and smoking cessation. JAMA Internal Medicine. Published online March 24, 2014. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.187.)

The reason for the failure of these researchers to disclose their past relationships with the tobacco industry is not entirely clear, but may revolve around their interpretation of the conflict of interest disclosure form's requirements. In section 3 of the form, authors of articles are asked to disclose any financial relationships with industry that occurred within the past three years. However, neither of the two co-authors has received money from any tobacco companies since 2010.

Second, in dual users, the total amount of nicotine intake declines. The increase in electronic cigarette use over time is accompanied by a concomitant decline in cigarette smoking. Thus, overall nicotine declines.

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