To be completely honest, Trueba et al. actually found that not only did taking an exam affect nitric oxide levels, but it also produced decreases in lung function measured by spirometry. This is something that has not been observed for electronic cigarettes.

The article reports the results of a cross-sectional sample of adolescents interviewed in 2011 and 2012 in the National Youth Tobacco Survey. Youths were asked to report their smoking status as well as their e-cigarette use, both any use and current use (at least once in the past month).

Jacob Sullum provides an of the literature on this topic, pointing out that there is very strong data to demonstrate that the flavors are what attract many smokers to try to quit using electronic cigarettes. You have to read his whole column, but to summarize:

"The paper, "Short-term effects of electronic and tobacco cigarettes on exhaled nitric oxide," by Sara Marini, et al, just published in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (Volume 278, Issue 1, 1 July 2014, Pages 9–15), reports important data showing that nicotine e-cigarettes, non-nicotine e-cigarettes, and conventional cigarettes all have similar effects of depression of exhaled nitric oxide."

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