In psychology, this phenomenon is known as . A 2010 Boston Globe describes this phenomenon and explains how when people are affected by this bias, they twist new facts that run counter to their position in order to fit with their pre-determined conclusions, rather than change their positions in line with the new information.

Sadly, the tobacco control movement does not appear interested in holding itself to the same standards as we hold the tobacco industry.

According to the deeming regulations, electronic cigarettes cannot inform consumers that the electronic cigarette "presents a lower risk of tobacco-related disease or is less harmful than one or more other commercially marketed tobacco products" (which includes cigarettes). In other words, the marketing of electronic cigarettes will need to be based on the false pretense that e-cigarettes are not intended as a safer alternative to smoking.

Normally, these chips are the standard electrical component that every e-cig shares. These chips are made by the millions in factories in China for almost every e-cig ever made. You can find this exact same chip in almost every rechargeable e-cigarette no matter what brand.

"While we have heard from former smokers who say e-cigarettes helped them quit, we have to ignore their statements because we just can't bring ourselves to admit that something which looks like a cigarette could possibly be a good thing and could have positive benefits like helping a smoker get off of tobacco cigarettes."

Although the survey approach described above would lead to "invalid" results, I would never argue that survey studies should be thrown out and that we should only be conducting RCTs. My point is that there are strengths and limitations of various study designs, and causal inference is enhanced by having research evidence from multiple study designs. On balance, the strengths and weaknesses balance each other out, leading to a much greater ability to draw valid conclusions.

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