"This statement insinuates that Mistic is a tobacco company. The statement refers to the survey as "research funded by the tobacco industry" and reminds readers of the history of the dissemination of misinformation by "the tobacco companies." I read this as a clear assertion that Mistic is a tobacco company, or owned by a tobacco company.

Although the survey approach described above would lead to "invalid" results, I would never argue that survey studies should be thrown out and that we should only be conducting RCTs. My point is that there are strengths and limitations of various study designs, and causal inference is enhanced by having research evidence from multiple study designs. On balance, the strengths and weaknesses balance each other out, leading to a much greater ability to draw valid conclusions.

The truth is that this paper provides no evidence whatsoever that e-cigarette use is a gateway to smoking. Instead, it is entirely possible - and quite likely - that youths who use e-cigarettes are more likely to be heavier and more resistant smokers.

The Business Standard and Medical Xpress reporters were not the only ones to get this message from the study and its authors. According to an on the CBS Atlanta web site: "Exposure to surfaces and objects that have been saturated in cigarette smoke, labeled as “third-hand smoke,” may be as deadly as smoking the cigarette itself."

The requirement by the FDA that this black box warning be placed on Chantix is based on the agency's assessment of hundreds of cases of suicides that occurred in patients who had recently been treated with the drug, as well as thousands of cases of other serious adverse neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with the use of Chantix. In making a decision to require a black box warning, the agency takes into consideration the likelihood that the observed association between the drug and the adverse effects is a causal one.

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