The authors of this study make one of the most cardinal errors in all of epidemiology. They ignore the principle that "correlation does not equal causation."

The commentaries by the two former tobacco industry consultants, university professors at a major midwestern medical school, are not in any way pro-tobacco, although they do criticize a number of current anti-smoking initiatives because they are ineffective and not based on sound formative research.

Are there health risks

The truth is that the authors of this study did not intend to examine the effectiveness of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation. They have in fact explicitly stated that their results cannot and should not be used to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of e-cigarettes.

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