The problem is that in this cross-sectional study, there is no way to determine the direction of the observed relationship.

A final, important benefit of smoking reduction is that it helps facilitate the possibility that a smoker will subsequently be able to quit. It reduces the level of smoking addiction. It is easier to quit from a level of 5 cigarettes per day than it is to quit from a level of 30 cigarettes per day.

Another recent study published late May in the Addiction Journal showed that the e-vapor produced in electronic cigarettes “can contain some of the toxinspresent in tobacco smoke, but at levels which are much lower.” This study conducted by 5 researchers, 2 of which were linked to a Federal Drug Administration tobacco panel, used approximately 81 different studies during its overall review. In conjunction, a scientific review on e-cigs from theconcluded with the comparison of conventional cigarettes, claiming that they are less likely to be as harmful. Peter Hajek of Londons Queen Mary University states “the evidence we currently have is clear: e-cigarettes should be allowed to compete against conventional cigarettes in the marketplace. Health care professionals may advise smokers who are unwilling to cease nicotine use to switch to e-cigarettes. Smokers who have not managed to stop with current treatments may also benefit from switching to e-cigarettes.”

Dr. Glantz writes: "Evidence that e-cigarette aerosol has the same effects on an important measure of lung function as cigarette smoke undermines the assumption that e-cigarettes are uniformly less risky than conventional cigarettes."

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