Similar data from the U.S. would be very helpful. But unlike prior reports, these ones should quantify not only experimentation, but also regular use, stratified by prior status as smokers versus nonsmokers.

A third major advantage of a clinical trial is that conditions are controlled as carefully as possible, minimizing potential biases. Both sampling and measurement bias are greatly reduced, if not eliminated. In contrast, survey studies are generally subject to significant sampling and measurement bias.

Responding to a news media request for a quote regarding a murder/attempted suicide case in which the defendant claims he acted as a result of depression induced by Chantix, Pfizer publicly refuted the FDA's required black box warning and denied that there is any reliable evidence that Chantix can cause severe neuropsychiatric events, such as suicide or similar violent actions.

If a company were to make such a claim, it would constitute a reduced exposure claim, which is prohibited under section 911. To make matters worse, such a claim can only be approved by the FDA if the company shows that if consumers hear that the product is free of tobacco, they will not be led to believe that the product is safer. In other words, to simply make the truthful and uncontroversial claim that your electronic cigarettes are free of tobacco, you would have to first demonstrate that consumers will not interpret the absence of tobacco as indicating that the product is any safer. But we know for a fact that consumers will interpret (and should interpret) the absence of tobacco as an indication that vaping is safer than smoking. Therefore, the deeming regulations place a de facto, permanent ban on electronic cigarette companies making the simple claim that their products do not contain tobacco.

At the time of writing this article, remain an unknown quantity regarding the health and safety quotient. They are believed to be safer than real cigarettes on the basis that they do not contain any tobacco whatsoever. But the addictive nicotine that is part and parcel of vaping and the presence of some toxin traces (far fewer than in cigarettes) has led to continued research into the long term effects of this popular 21st century hobby/habit.

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