Interestingly, it is also possible that electronic cigarettes could have exactly the opposite effect. It is possible that some youths who might have initiated smoking will instead try electronic cigarettes. Further, it is plausible that after using electronic cigarettes, youth may be much less likely to progress to cigarette smoking because compared to the taste and sensation of vaping, the experience of cigarette smoking will not be appealing.

"It is difficult to estimate the extent to which industry-generated research activities have influenced scientific thinking regarding the effects of nicotine on cognitive performance and on nicotine’s therapeutic applications. Authors’ industry affiliations and potential conflicts of interest reported in publications may go unnoticed by readers, may be difficult to identify, or may not be disclosed at all. Reviews and other articles citing industry-affiliated studies generally did not include author affiliations or potential conflicts of interest at all, leaving the readers unaware of possible industry influences."

The CDC's statement is wrong on its face. If there is reputable evidence from former smokers that e-cigarettes helped them quit smoking, then there is indeed conclusive scientific evidence that e-cigarettes "can work" as a cessation aid.

To be completely honest, Trueba et al. actually found that not only did taking an exam affect nitric oxide levels, but it also produced decreases in lung function measured by spirometry. This is something that has not been observed for electronic cigarettes.

a. Classic tobacco

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