The rest of the story is that despite the Common Rule and the intense efforts to try to prevent human subject violations in research, there are still occasional studies which find their way through the cracks. This is one bad example. It is an example of an unethical experiment that should never have been approved by an IRB in its current form because it blatantly violates the ethical principles of both consent and informed consent.

A scientist who is currently with the UCSF Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education (home of Dr. Stan Glantz) is part of a research team that conducted an on hundreds of thousands of Facebook users, whose Facebook news feed content was without their informed consent in order to try to trigger their emotions.

The communications director for another national anti-smoking group added: "This just goes to show that the tobacco companies have not changed. They will go to any extent to keep America's children smoking, even paying university scientists to do their dirty work for them."

The results from these two studies demonstrate that in contrast to the claims of many anti-smoking advocates, dual use of electronic cigarettes and conventional cigarettes does not necessarily have adverse public health consequences. Instead, it appears that for many smokers, dual use serves as a gateway to decreased nicotine addiction, and perhaps ultimately to smoking cessation.

(See: Dutra LM, Glantz SA. Electronic cigarettes and conventional cigarette use: a cross-sectional study. Published online March 6, 2014. JAMA Pediatr. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.5488.)

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