It is important to point out that just because the relative risk of cancer associated with filtered cigarettes is lower than that for non-filtered cigarettes, it does not necessarily follow that switching from a non-filtered to a filtered cigarette will reduce one's health risks. It is possible that smokers who make such a switch will compensate because they are used to higher tar levels. It is possible that the observed reduction in cancer risk only holds for lifelong filtered cigarette smokers, as they do not compensate (they never smoked non-filtered cigarettes). In fact, the scientific evidence supports this contention.

While Dr. Glantz's statement that few people have switched away from cigarettes or used e-cigarettes as a bridge to eventually go off cigarettes was not science-based, but pure speculation, there are now two studies which actually examine the trajectory of electronic cigarette and conventional cigarette use among a cohort of e-cigarette users. We are able to empirically examine Glantz's dual use argument and his claim that very few smokers are using e-cigarettes as a bridge to eventually go off cigarettes.

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