Trueba et al. also found that higher depressive mood was associated with greater reductions in exhaled nitric oxide.

The FDA is essentially saying that ex-smokers who have quit smoking using electronic cigarettes might as well revert back to smoking, since the Agency is not aware that vaping is any less hazardous than smoking. Is this the kind of scientific-based advice that we think is appropriate to be coming from a federal health agency?

But the truth is more nuanced. While there is no question that low-tar or "light" cigarettes are not safer, it is not the case that the introduction of filters made cigarettes more carcinogenic. I would not be able to testify in a courtroom that I believe filtered cigarettes are more dangerous than non-filtered cigarettes. Nor would I be able to testify that filtered cigarettes and non-filtered cigarettes pose equivalent cancer risk.

The rest of the story is that despite the Common Rule and the intense efforts to try to prevent human subject violations in research, there are still occasional studies which find their way through the cracks. This is one bad example. It is an example of an unethical experiment that should never have been approved by an IRB in its current form because it blatantly violates the ethical principles of both consent and informed consent.

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