(8) A statement that participation is voluntary, refusal to participate will involve no penalty or loss of benefits to which the subject is otherwise entitled, and the subject may discontinue participation at any time without penalty or loss of benefits to which the subject is otherwise entitled.

• The truth is that the study only measured ever use of electronic cigarettes, not current use, regular use, or addiction to nicotine. Thus, it could not determine whether the kids who had tried electronic cigarettes ever used them again. So it could not tell if these kids were addicted to nicotine. They may have simply tried an electronic cigarette and not vaped again.

In epidemiology, we have a term to describe what Glantz and Dutra are doing here. There is a term that we commonly use to describe a statement that is crafted to deliberately mislead the public about study results. That term is: a lie.

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