Perhaps it should be no surprise that these researchers have drawn such a wild and scientifically implausible conclusion like this, one which does not follow at all from their actual research. Why? Because, as I yesterday, these researchers had reached the conclusion of their study years ago, before even conducting the research! In fact, they drew their conclusions when they submitted their grant application. So it comes as no surprise to now see that they are drawing pre-determined conclusions that have nothing to do with their actual research.

It's not clear to me why researchers who oppose electronic cigarettes are so anxious to condemn these products that they are willing to use inappropriate research designs to fulfill such an aim.

While Dr. Etzel seems to be quite concerned about youth use of e-cigarettes, she fails to display a similar level of concern about youth using tobacco cigarettes. In fact, while she calls for a ban on electronic cigarette advertising to protect youths from possible nicotine addiction, she makes no similar call for a ban on tobacco advertising, which we know leads many youths to definite nicotine addiction.

The problem is that in this cross-sectional study, there is no way to determine the direction of the observed relationship.

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