The impact of this confounding is that it will bias the results towards finding that e-cigarettes are much less effective than other approaches. In fact, this is exactly what happened and it is the reason why the evidence that Glantz and others are citing to support their contention that e-cigarettes hinder smoking cessation is invalid.

Tobacco abstinence and tobacco harm reduction.

The article reports the results of a cross-sectional sample of adolescents interviewed in 2011 and 2012 in the National Youth Tobacco Survey. Youths were asked to report their smoking status as well as their e-cigarette use, both any use and current use (at least once in the past month).

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