As the authors point out: "Of interest, consistent improvements in subjective and objective asthma outcomes were also observed amongst dual users (i.e., heavy reducers) with no real difference in dual compared to single users by the end of the observation period."

The Rest of the Story

The authors admit this in the paper. They write: "This is a cross-sectional study, which only allows us to identify associations, not causal relationships."

Recently, Professor Ashton went on what the Daily Mail called "" on Twitter. He made a number of rude and offensive comments about individual vapers, which cannot be repeated here. For details, see the Daily Mail or this of the story.

To illustrate how inappropriate the use of these studies are to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation, let's look at two of these studies:

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