Fortunately, there is a simple way to evaluate this hypothesis, at least on a preliminary basis, prior to waiting for the results of longitudinal studies. Enough youth are experimenting with electronic cigarettes, and the increase in youth e-cigarette use has been dramatic and sustained enough, that if the gateway hypothesis were correct, we would be starting to see an increase in smoking prevalence among youth due to the many new smoking initiates that were converted from e-cigarette experimentation to smoking.

Third, the Surgeon General's report comes across as a project of massive hypocrisy, as the report itself complains about how tobacco-funded scientists failed to disclose their conflicts of interest. The report emphasizes that in the 50 years since the release of the report, disclosure of financial conflicts has become the "norm." It bemoans the fact that in the past, tobacco-funded scientists did not disclose their conflicts of interest, which left readers unaware of these important financial relationships.

Question: Of these five studies, how many examined the rate of smoking cessation among smokers who were trying to quit using electronic cigarettes?

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