The impact of this confounding is that it will bias the results towards finding that e-cigarettes are much less effective than other approaches. In fact, this is exactly what happened and it is the reason why the evidence that Glantz and others are citing to support their contention that e-cigarettes hinder smoking cessation is invalid.

For the Mayo Clinic:

The commentaries by the two former tobacco industry consultants, university professors at a major midwestern medical school, are not in any way pro-tobacco, although they do criticize a number of current anti-smoking initiatives because they are ineffective and not based on sound formative research.

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