b. Menthol

"In the lecture, the Kandels review Denise Kandel’s earlier work on the gateway hypothesis and on the role of nicotine as a gateway drug, reported in a Science paper in 1975. They also review subsequent studies in which they tested the gateway hypothesis experimentally in a mouse model. In those studies, conducted in collaboration with Amir Levine, Yan You Huang, Bettina Drisaldi, Edmund A Griffin, and others at CUMC, they found that when mice are exposed to nicotine, it alters their brain biochemically and induces activation of a reward-related gene. As a result, nicotine primes the animals’ subsequent response to cocaine, providing a molecular basis for nicotine as a gateway drug for cocaine. Dr. Denise Kandel’s further analysis of 2004 epidemiologic data from a large, longitudinal sample suggested that nicotine also primes human brains to respond to cocaine." ...

Let’s break down the base shall we Nicotine, VG (Vegetable Glycerin), and PG (Propylene Glycol) are found in every bottle of E-Juice. This base makes up 85% to 95% of the bottle of E-Juice that you are paying for, and it is virtually identical in every bottle. There is no such thing as “premium” PG or “premium” VG; it is all one in the same. The other percentage is just the flavoring, and this is where the term premium could come into play. There are dozens of different flavoring manufacturers out there. Some in the USA others overseas such as Italy and even China (not good) and all with a different price point. Generally speaking, the imported flavorings (not the Chinese ones) do cost more than the flavorings from stateside and from my experience no two flavoring companies are really the same. The Flavor Apprentice is a very popular choice when it comes to E-Juice making, mostly because it is dirt cheap to order in bulk compared to companies like Lorann or even Capella; both of which have a higher price tag. In short there is such a thing as premium flavoring, but no E-Juice vendor would be willing to reveal the secrets of their trade and inform you what company they’re ordering from even if they are calling it “premium” E-Juice.

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