But what is the clinical meaning of this effect? In order to find that out, one needs to conduct studies with longer-term end points.

The report also noted that popular stars, such as Jessica Simpson, have been endorsing the use of nicotine gum. Simpson - a former teen-pop sensation - told a national television audience that she was , even though she had never smoked a cigarette in her life. Simpson told Jay Leno: "The first time I ever chewed a piece of Nicorette gum one of my close friends’ mother gave it to me. I think she thought she was giving me a piece of regular gum. I was chewing it and it was like a party in my mouth. It was like fireworks and 'Oh my god, I’m talking a million miles per hour and I love this gum and what kind of gum is this? I have to have this gum.'"

Thus, not only is hiding conflicts of interest an ethical violation, but it is potentially damaging as well. Once researchers in a field are viewed by the public as hiding relationships, the reputation of the entire field may be tarnished. Just look at what happened to the field of global climate change after it was revealed that merely one of hundreds of researchers in the field may have been biased in his approach.

Unfortunately, it does not appear that these investigators are truly interested in whether e-cigarettes help many smokers quit or not. Instead, I believe that these researchers have a pre-determined conclusion that e-cigarettes are ineffective and that they are trying to manufacture results that support their pre-determined conclusion.

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