"It is difficult to estimate the extent to which industry-generated research activities have influenced scientific thinking regarding the effects of nicotine on cognitive performance and on nicotine’s therapeutic applications. Authors’ industry affiliations and potential conflicts of interest reported in publications may go unnoticed by readers, may be difficult to identify, or may not be disclosed at all. Reviews and other articles citing industry-affiliated studies generally did not include author affiliations or potential conflicts of interest at all, leaving the readers unaware of possible industry influences."

The beauty of a randomized study is that it can equalize the levels of smoking addiction, reasons for wanting to quit, and motivation to quit across groups. In addition, it equalizes other confounders, including unknown confounders which could affect the study results. There is no way for a survey study to accomplish this. Thus, to simply throw out the RCT is quite unscientific, in my opinion. It throws out one of the most valid pieces of evidence that is necessary to make an informed judgment about the effect of these products: the differences in effectiveness of the products under conditions in which confounding cannot throw off the results.

The main study finding was as follows: "The assessment of lung function demonstrated that neither a brief session of active e-cigarette smoking nor a 1 hour passive e-cigarette smoking session significantly interfered with normal lung function. On the other hand, acute active and passive tobacco cigarette smoking undermined lung function, as repeatedly shown in previous studies."

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